Bluesky in 2026: Hype, Hope, or Real Opportunity?
New platforms generate momentum before they generate infrastructure. Bluesky's decentralized model shifts control dynamics, but monetization and advertising pathways remain in their early stages. Long-term value depends less on early engagement and more on ecosystem stability and audience depth.

TL;DR
- Bluesky grew 60% in 2025, reaching 41.41 million users across the AT Protocol network, according to the Bluesky 2025 Transparency Report (Bluesky, 2026). The scale is real. The depth is still developing.
- Daily active users in December 2024 accounted for only about 10.09% of registered accounts, according to peer-reviewed research from ICWSM 2025, which means audience stickiness -not size- is the real strategic variable for any business strategy on the platform (Song, 2025).
- Starter packs drove up to 43% of daily follow operations at peak, and members received up to 85% more new followers than users outside them (Song, 2025). That is distribution infrastructure, not casual onboarding, directly impacting engagement rate metrics.
- U.S. internet advertising hit $258.6 billion in 2024, a 14.9% year-over-year increase, according to IAB and PwC's full-year report, yet Bluesky's monetization model is not yet built to capture traditional ad spend (IAB and PwC, 2025). The business opportunities lie in positioning, not paid media, for now.
- Bluesky is not the new Twitter. It is a credibility-and-community compounding engine where early movers can build durable distribution assets before the monetization layer locks in, making it a critical component of any forward-looking business strategy.
Why Does Bluesky Keep Coming Up in Serious Marketing Conversations?
Bluesky keeps appearing in strategic marketing discussions because its architecture is genuinely different from legacy social platforms, and the numbers behind its 2025 growth are no longer dismissible. With 1.41 billion posts created in 2025 alone -representing 61% of all posts ever made on the network- the content velocity has crossed the threshold from "experiment" to "active publishing ecosystem". This shift is particularly relevant for businesses evaluating new platforms as part of their business strategy.
What makes this relevant for industry experts and growth-minded brands is not the raw user count. It is the combination of three key factors:
- Decentralized distribution mechanics
- A growing verification infrastructure
- An open competitive window
When
309,000-plus accounts have already claimed domain handles and
4,327 verified accounts are active on the platform, the credibility architecture is being built in real time. Brands and operators who understand this now will not be chasing it in 2027, positioning themselves ahead in the evolving business landscape.
This blog breaks down exactly what Bluesky is, what the data actually says about its trajectory, and where the real business opportunities sit in 2026, without the hype that has followed every "next big platform" announcement for the past decade. Understanding these dynamics is essential for any content strategy aiming to leverage emerging platforms effectively.
If you're unsure how to translate these early signals into a cohesive business strategy, our team at
BusySeed can help you map out a decentralized platform approach.
Is Bluesky's Growth Real, or Is It Another Moment-Driven Spike?
Bluesky's growth is real in scale but still unproven in depth. The platform grew from 25.94 million to 41.41 million users in 2025 -a documented 60% increase- but the more important metric is what users are actually doing once they arrive (Bluesky, 2026). This distinction is crucial for any business strategy that considers investing in the platform.
According to the ICWSM 2025 academic study, Bluesky had approximately
2.42 million daily active users in December 2024, representing roughly 10.09% of daily registered users at that time (Song, 2025). That gap between registered and active accounts tells a specific story: a large portion of the user base is exploratory rather than habitual. Momentum has been driven by migration events -platform controversies elsewhere, journalist and policy communities moving in waves- rather than organic daily utility for the majority of users.
This is not a reason to dismiss Bluesky. It is a reason to frame your business strategy correctly:
- Mass reach is not available here yet.
- Targeted influence and community capture absolutely are.
This dynamic makes it a unique environment for testing new content strategy approaches. The engagement rate on Bluesky may be lower in absolute terms, but the quality of interactions from a professional audience can be significantly higher for the right business categories.
What Do the Demographics Tell Us About Bluesky's Audience Composition?
Bluesky skews younger and is still a niche product by U.S. penetration standards, but within that niche sits a disproportionately influential audience. According to the Pew Research Center's 2025 Social Media Fact Sheet, Bluesky usage among U.S. adults sits at approximately (Pew Research Center, 2025):
- 6% for ages 18–29
- 5% for ages 30–49
- 3% for ages 50–64
- 2% for ages 65 and older
Those numbers look small until you consider who makes up that 5–6%. Early-mover platforms disproportionately attract:
- Journalists and researchers
- Policy professionals
- Technologists and subject-matter operators
These are the exact audience segments that influence
purchasing decisions,
media narratives, and
industry opinion.
If your business strategy is built around thought leadership, B2B pipeline, and expert credibility, Bluesky's current demographic composition is arguably a feature, not a limitation. This audience profile makes it an ideal testing ground for content strategy experiments aimed at professional communities.
The engagement rate from these professional segments can be significantly higher than on more general platforms, particularly when content is tailored to their specific interests and challenges. This dynamic creates unique business opportunities for brands willing to invest in platform-specific content development.
What Actually Makes Bluesky Structurally Different From Other Platforms?
Bluesky is structurally different because it treats distribution as a configurable object rather than a fixed editorial algorithm. The AT Protocol -the decentralized framework underpinning Bluesky- allows users, brands, and developers to build custom feeds that function as alternative timelines, creating distribution mechanisms that operate independently of a central editorial layer. This architectural difference creates unique business opportunities for brands willing to experiment with new content strategy approaches.
According to Bluesky's official developer documentation, custom feeds (also called feed generators) are services that can provide entirely different content surfaces (Bluesky Developer Docs). This means a brand or community operator does not just publish content and hope an algorithm favors it. They can build the distribution surface itself, creating a powerful tool for any business strategy focused on audience development.
The ability to create custom feeds directly impacts engagement rate metrics,
as brands can tailor content delivery to specific audience segments. This level of control over distribution represents a fundamental shift in how businesses can approach social media as part of their overall content strategy.
Building these custom architectures can be technically complex, which is why
BusySeed works with brands to design and deploy feed generators that seamlessly align with their content strategy.
How Does the Feed Ecosystem Work in Practice, and What Are Its Risks?
The feed ecosystem is already substantial, but it comes with real constraints that any serious business strategy must account for. A 2024 Internet Measurement Conference paper found approximately 40,398 reachable feed generators as of April 2024, with roughly 21.8% appearing inactive in the prior month (Internet Measurement Conference, 2024). More importantly, the paper identified significant concentration in hosting among top feed-as-a-service providers, a "recentralization" dynamic that creates dependency risk even within a nominally decentralized system.
For brands evaluating Bluesky as a platform investment, this is an important nuance. The promise of decentralization is real, but the operational reality involves concentration points that mirror the infrastructure dependencies of traditional platforms. Building a custom feed is a genuine business opportunity. Assuming the feed ecosystem will remain sustainably distributed without active governance improvements is optimistic rather than strategic.
The AT Protocol blog documents ongoing work toward standardization and operational independence, suggesting that the governance layer is maturing but has not yet matured (AT Protocol, 2026). Build with awareness of that constraint, particularly when developing a content strategy that relies on custom feed distribution. The engagement rate from custom feeds can be significantly higher than from default feeds, but only if the content is properly targeted and maintained.
What Does Bluesky's Infrastructure Build in 2025 Mean for Marketers?
Bluesky's 2025 infrastructure build signals that the platform is transitioning from a community project to an operational platform, and marketers who understand verification, brand safety, and content strategy have a meaningful head start. The 2025 Transparency Report documents specific milestones that change the risk calculus for brand participation (Bluesky, 2026).
On brand safety: After implementing reply toxicity detection, Bluesky reported that:
- Daily reports of anti-social behavior dropped by approximately 79%.
- The labeling system scaled from 5.5 million labels in 2024 to 16.49 million in 2025.
These are not marginal improvements. They represent a platform that actively invests in the moderation infrastructure brands require before committing content strategy resources. This level of brand safety investment makes Bluesky a more viable option for businesses concerned about reputation management.
The improved moderation infrastructure
directly impacts engagement rate metrics, as users feel more comfortable participating in conversations when they know the platform actively manages toxic behavior. This creates a more favorable environment for brands to develop their content strategy and explore new business opportunities.
Why Should B2B Brands Pay Attention to Bluesky's Verification Layer?
B2B brands should pay attention because Bluesky's verification mechanics are tied to domain identity rather than follower counts or payment tiers, which creates a fundamentally more trustworthy credibility signal.
As of the 2025 Transparency Report, the platform's verification architecture is already operating at scale (Bluesky, 2026):
- Over 309,000 accounts have used domain handle verification, linking their Bluesky identity directly to a website they own.
- 4,327 verified accounts were active by the end of 2025.
- 18 organizations were granted Trusted Verifier status, including major media organizations and public institutions.
For expert-led businesses focused on content strategy and thought leadership, this verification architecture is a practical trust mechanic that you can activate immediately, without waiting for the platform's monetization model to mature.
Compare this to the
pay-to-verify norms that have taken hold elsewhere. Bluesky's domain-based verification is earned through identity infrastructure, not subscription fees. That distinction matters when your brand's credibility is the asset being communicated. This verification system creates unique business opportunities for brands that want to establish authority in their industry, as it provides a more authentic way to demonstrate expertise and build trust with professional audiences.
The verification layer also impacts engagement rate metrics, as verified accounts tend to receive more interactions from other users. This creates a virtuous cycle where credible content attracts more engagement, which in turn increases visibility and further establishes authority in the space.
How Do Starter Packs Function as Distribution Infrastructure?
Starter packs function as portable audience bundles, a mechanism for accelerating follower acquisition and network integration that is structurally closer to partner distribution than traditional social following. The ICWSM 2025 study documented that starter packs accounted for up to 43% of daily follow operations at their peak, and approximately 19.95% of all follow edges in the network during the study period (Song, 2025).
The lift effects are
significant and measurable. Compared to similar users who were not part of starter packs, members received:
- Up to 85% more new followers
- 70% more likes
- Generated 60% more posts
Creators who built and distributed starter packs saw even larger lifts than members. This is
not a marginal social media tactic. It is a repeatable growth lever with documented network effects that can significantly increase engagement rates for brands that implement it as part of their business strategy.
For businesses developing their content strategy on Bluesky, starter packs are among the most powerful tools for
audience development. They allow brands to tap into existing communities and leverage established creators' credibility to accelerate their growth on the platform. This creates unique business opportunities for brands that understand how to use starter packs effectively within their overall distribution strategy.
What Are the Risks of Over-Relying on Starter Packs for Growth?
Starter packs can amplify "rich get richer" dynamics and have documented potential for misuse, including adding individuals without their consent. The same ICWSM 2025 research that documents the growth effects also flags these structural risks (Song, 2025). For brands building a long-term business strategy on Bluesky, this means treating starter packs as a partnership vehicle with clear opt-in mechanics rather than a mass-addition tool.
The practical implication: Curate starter packs around job-to-be-done niches rather than broad industry categories.
- Partner with existing pack creators who already have established community trust.
- Refresh the packs on a regular cadence to maintain relevance.
When the Bluesky community blog highlighted the EduSky educator migration as an example of the starter pack's effectiveness, the common thread was
intentional curation rather than volume (Bluesky, 2024).
For content strategy purposes, starter packs should be viewed as a way to connect with specific audience segments rather than as a general growth hack. The engagement rate from well-curated starter packs can be significantly higher than from organic growth alone, but only if the content and community alignment are carefully managed. This approach creates more sustainable business opportunities than simply trying to maximize follower counts through mass additions.
What Is the Honest State of Monetization on Bluesky in 2026?
The honest answer is that Bluesky's monetization layer is not yet built to capture advertising dollars at scale, and brands that enter Bluesky expecting a traditional paid media channel will be disappointed. Bluesky's leadership has consistently pointed to subscriptions and paid features as the primary revenue path, with advertising positioned as something to approach cautiously, on the platform's own terms. This reality shapes how businesses should approach their content strategy and overall business strategy on the platform.
Meanwhile, the broader digital advertising market is accelerating rapidly. IAB and PwC reported U.S. internet
ad revenue at $258.6 billion in 2024, a 14.9% year-over-year increase (IAB and PwC, 2025). Gartner's 2025 CMO survey found that digital channels represented 61.1% of total marketing spend (Gartner, 2025). The money is moving into digital; it is just not moving into Bluesky's ad inventory because that inventory does not yet exist in the conventional sense.
This gap between digital ad spend and Bluesky's monetization capabilities creates a unique window of business opportunities for brands willing to invest in organic growth strategies. While the platform may not offer traditional advertising options, the engagement rate from organic content can be significantly higher than on more saturated platforms, particularly when content is tailored to the professional audience that dominates Bluesky.
What Should Brands Actually Be Investing In on Bluesky Right Now?
Brands should invest in authority-building, community infrastructure, and audience depth, not paid media. The business opportunities on Bluesky in 2026 are structural rather than transactional.
To capitalize on this, you should:
- Claim your domain handle
- Build your verification ladder
- Create starter packs for specific professional niches
- Develop a custom feed that reflects your organization's point of view
These investments directly affect the effectiveness of your content strategy and long-term engagement rates.
These are distribution assets that appreciate over time. When Bluesky's monetization model matures -whether through native advertising, third-party AT Protocol monetization, or subscription-based community features- the brands with established credibility, verified identity, and engaged audience depth will have
structural advantages over those who arrive late and try to buy their way in. This creates a significant
first-mover advantage for businesses that develop their content strategy early.
The engagement rate on Bluesky today is lower in absolute terms than established platforms, but the
quality of engagement -replies, saves, and link clicks from a highly educated and professionally active audience- is disproportionately high for the right business categories. That is the metric to optimize in this phase, as it lays the foundation for future business opportunities as the platform's monetization capabilities mature.
For
B2B brands in particular, the current environment on Bluesky represents a unique opportunity to develop a content strategy that resonates with professional audiences. The platform's architecture encourages deeper engagement than more superficial social networks, creating better conditions for building meaningful business relationships that can translate into real-world opportunities.
Comparison Table: Bluesky vs. Legacy Social Platforms for B2B Brand Strategy in 2026

| Strategic Factor | Bluesky | X (formerly Twitter) | Threads | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verification model | Domain-based, free, trust-linked | Pay-to-verify subscription | Employer/identity-based | Meta account linked |
| Algorithm control | Custom feeds (user/brand configurable) | Proprietary, opaque | Proprietary editorial | Opaque, Meta-controlled |
| Advertising infrastructure | Not yet operational at scale | Mature, declining trust | Mature, B2B-optimized | Early stage |
| Daily active engagement rate | ~10.09% of registered users (Dec 2024) | Estimated 250M+ DAU | 134M+ weekly active | Growing but untracked |
| Decentralization | AT Protocol federated | Centralized | Centralized | Centralized (Meta) |
| Brand safety investment | 79% drop in anti-social behavior reports post-moderation | Variable, controversial | Strong policy enforcement | Moderate |
| Growth trajectory | 60% YoY 2025 | Declining or flat | Steady | High, Meta-backed |
| Best fit for | Thought leadership, expert communities, and early movers | Broad reach, news cycles | B2B pipeline, recruiting | Consumer brand awareness |
| Content strategy advantage | Feed generators, starter packs | Promoted posts, Communities | Articles, newsletters | Cross-posting from Instagram |
| Monetization maturity | Low (subscriptions planned) | High (ads + subscriptions) | High (ads + premium) | Growing (Meta network) |
| Business opportunities | Structural assets, credibility building | Paid amplification, broad reach | Pipeline development, recruiting | Brand awareness, cross-platform |
| Engagement rate quality | High for professional audiences | Variable, often superficial | Moderate, professional focus | Growing, consumer-oriented |
What Does a Practical Bluesky Growth Plan Look Like for an Expert-Led Brand?
A practical Bluesky growth plan is built around verification, curation, and owned-audience conversion, three mechanics that are available right now and compound over time. The content strategy layer is not complicated, but it requires consistency and a clear point of view. This approach directly impacts engagement rate metrics and creates sustainable business opportunities for brands willing to invest in platform-specific strategies.
Here is an eight-step actionable checklist built specifically for expert-led brands and B2B organizations entering or scaling on Bluesky in 2026. This plan integrates all aspects of
business strategy,
content strategy, and
audience development to maximize the platform's unique capabilities.
What Are the Eight Steps to Build a Durable Bluesky Presence?


- Claim your domain handle immediately. Link your Bluesky account to your owned domain. This is the single highest-leverage credibility action available on the platform and costs nothing beyond the five minutes it takes to configure. With 309,000-plus accounts already using domain verification, the signal is becoming a standard expectation for credible brands (Bluesky, 2026). This verification step is foundational to any effective business strategy on Bluesky, as it establishes trust and authenticity from the outset.
- Build a verification ladder across your leadership team. Your company account, key executives, and primary subject-matter experts should all be verified and cross-linked. A consistent verification architecture makes your organization's presence navigable and reinforces authority across all posts. This approach directly impacts engagement rate metrics, as verified accounts tend to receive more interactions from other users. The verification ladder creates multiple touchpoints that help your content strategy reach different audience segments within your professional community.
- Audit your existing content strategy for Bluesky compatibility. Not all content formats translate equally. Long-form threads, media-rich posts, and link posts to owned media (newsletters, blog hubs, event registrations) perform differently than on X or LinkedIn. In 2025, 235 million posts on Bluesky contained media, 62% of all media posts in the network's history (Bluesky, 2026). A visual and mixed-media content strategy is not optional for maximizing engagement rate on the platform. This audit should identify which elements of your current content strategy can be adapted for Bluesky and where new approaches are needed to capitalize on the platform's unique characteristics.
- Create two to four starter packs focused on job-to-be-done niches; do not build starter packs around industry categories. Build them around specific professional challenges: "Revenue Ops Architects", "B2B Demand Generation Experimenters", "AI-Assisted Marketing Operators." The more specific the niche, the higher the follow-through from the right audience. This targeted approach creates more meaningful business opportunities than broad, generic starter packs. The engagement rate from well-curated starter packs can be significantly higher than from organic growth alone, making this a powerful tool for audience development.
- Partner with existing starter pack creators in adjacent niches. The research documents outsized distribution effects when you collaborate rather than operate in isolation (Song, 2025). Treat starter pack partnerships like co-marketing agreements: monthly refresh cadences, guest curators, and explicit value exchange for inclusion. This collaborative approach amplifies the reach of your content strategy and creates more sustainable business opportunities than going it alone. The engagement rate from collaborative starter packs tends to be higher than from solo efforts, as they leverage the credibility of multiple established creators.
- Commission or build a custom feed aligned with your organizational point of view. Treat the feed like a product with a changelog, submission criteria, and an editorial standard. Publish the rubric publicly. Invite community submissions. Use the feed to create demand for your services: "Want your content featured? Here is what we look for." This approach turns your content strategy into a community-building tool that generates ongoing engagement. Custom feeds are among the most powerful business opportunities on Bluesky, as they allow you to control how your content is distributed to your target audience.
- Establish a Bluesky-to-owned-audience conversion funnel. Every Bluesky content strategy effort should connect to a downstream conversion path: a weekly roundup post leading to a lead magnet, email list, or call booking. Tag all outbound links with UTMs. Track saves, replies, repeat engagers, and inbound DMs, not just follower counts. This conversion funnel is essential for turning platform engagement into tangible business opportunities. The engagement rate among users who move through this funnel tends to be significantly higher than that of those who remain on-platform only.
- Measure audience depth on a monthly cadence and adjust as needed. Raw follower numbers are the least useful metric on Bluesky in 2026. Track engagement rate by post type, starter-pack-driven follower spikes after collaborative launches, link click rates tagged by content category, and the ratio of new email subscribers attributable to Bluesky traffic. These numbers tell you whether your business strategy is building something durable or just accumulating vanity metrics. Monthly analysis cycles provide the data you need to refine your content strategy and maximize your engagement rate over time.
Need help building this multi-platform infrastructure? Our team at
BusySeed helps expert-led brands operationalize their distribution. We can help you develop a business strategy that leverages Bluesky's unique capabilities to drive a sustainable engagement rate.
Does Bluesky Have Policy and Regulatory Visibility That Supports Long-Term Credibility?
Bluesky has entered policy and regulatory conversations in a way that sets it apart from other emerging platforms. A U.S. Federal Trade Commission docket attachment from May 21, 2025, explicitly references "federated online spaces such as Bluesky or Mastodon" in the context of customizable feeds and user-controlled experiences, citing Bluesky's custom feeds documentation directly (Federal Trade Commission, 2025).
This is not a minor footnote. When a federal regulatory body references a platform's technical architecture as a model for what user-controlled social media can look like, that platform has entered a different category of
institutional legitimacy.
For brands thinking about long-term positioning, Bluesky's presence in serious policy conversations supports the "real opportunity" thesis even before its monetization model is fully mature. This regulatory recognition creates unique business opportunities for brands that want to establish themselves as thought leaders in their industries.
Policy visibility also affects how businesses should approach their content strategy on the platform:
- As Bluesky becomes more recognized in regulatory circles, engagement among professional audiences is likely to increase, as these users see the platform as a more legitimate space for serious discussion.
- This creates a virtuous cycle in which credibility attracts more credible users, which in turn increases the platform's value for business strategy.
Your Next Best Move on Bluesky
Bluesky in 2026 isn't about chasing viral moments or immediate paid media returns; it is about building structural assets. Establishing domain verification, curating niche starter packs, and launching custom feeds are foundational steps in a winning business strategy. Early movers who prioritize audience depth and a smart content strategy over raw follower counts are locking in a disproportionately high engagement rate. When the monetization layer fully matures, these early investments will translate into massive business opportunities.
If you want a partner who understands how to build durable credibility on decentralized platforms, let’s talk. BusySeed can audit your current social footprint, establish your Bluesky verification ladder, and operationalize a growth engine that actually compounds. Connect with us here to start building your decentralized presence today.
FAQs
Q1). What Are the Top Strategies for Leveraging Bluesky for Business Growth in 2026?
Focus on building structural assets rather than chasing short-term metrics. Implement domain handle verification, develop niche starter packs, and create custom feeds to curate valuable industry information. This long-term business strategy yields a much higher engagement rate than generic posting. By optimizing your content strategy for professional audiences now, you unlock compounding business opportunities on Bluesky.
Q2). What Are the Best Marketing Strategies for Bluesky Social Media in 2026?
Prioritize credibility infrastructure over paid amplification. Your business strategy should center on deep connections, replies, saves, and repeat interactions from a concentrated professional audience. A consistent content strategy that links Bluesky posts to your owned assets creates a sustainable funnel. Tracking these specific actions helps you measure true business opportunities and maintain a high engagement rate.
Q3). How Should Businesses Think About Bluesky's Decentralized Model as a Business Opportunity?
Treat it as a distribution architecture. Bluesky allows brands to configure custom feeds and starter packs, removing your reliance on opaque platform algorithms. This level of control over your content strategy is a massive advantage for your overall business strategy. Tailoring content delivery to specific segments via custom feeds drives a higher engagement rate and creates entirely unique business opportunities.
Q4). Why is domain verification a foundational step for B2B brands on Bluesky?
Unlike legacy platforms that use pay-to-verify models, Bluesky uses free, domain-based identity verification. This structural difference should be the first pillar of your business strategy because it instantly establishes credibility with a highly professional audience. When users trust that you are exactly who you claim to be, your content strategy naturally performs better, leading to a much higher engagement rate. Taking five minutes to link your company's domain is the easiest way to unlock long-term business opportunities on the network.
Q5). What are the best resources for businesses adapting to Bluesky's evolution?
Start by tracking these foundational resources to ground your business strategy in reality:
- Bluesky’s official developer documentation for custom feeds (Bluesky Developer Docs)
- The ICWSM 2025 academic study for data on network dynamics (Song, 2025)
- Updates from the AT Protocol blog (AT Protocol, 2026)
- Official transparency reports (Bluesky, 2026)
These resources help set realistic expectations for your engagement rate and refine your content strategy to capture emerging business opportunities.
Works Cited
- AT Protocol. "AT Protocol Blog." AT Protocol, 2026, https://atproto.com/blog.
- Bluesky. "2025 Transparency Report." Bluesky Blog, 29 Jan. 2026, https://bsky.social/about/blog/01-29-2026-transparency-report-2025.
- Bluesky. "Community Starter Packs: EduSky Educator Migration." Bluesky Blog, 16 Aug. 2024, https://bsky.social/about/blog/08-16-2024-community-starter-packs.
- Bluesky. "Custom Feeds Documentation." Bluesky Developer Docs, https://docs.bsky.app/docs/tutorials/custom-feeds.
- Federal Trade Commission. "FTC-2025-0023-2756." Regulations.gov, 21 May 2025, https://downloads.regulations.gov/FTC-2025-0023-2756/attachment_1.pdf.
- Gartner. "Gartner Survey Finds Digital Channels Account for 61.1 Percent of Total Marketing Spend." Business Wire, 2 June 2025, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250602746568/en/.
- IAB and PwC. "Internet Advertising Revenue Report: Full Year 2024." IAB, Apr. 2025, https://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/IAB_PwC-Internet-Ad-Revenue-Report-Full-Year-2024.pdf.
- Internet Measurement Conference. "Bluesky Feed Ecosystem Analysis." IMC '24 Proceedings, 2024, https://tysong.github.io/files/IMC24-Bluesky.pdf.
- Pew Research Center. "Social Media Fact Sheet." Pew Research Center, 2025, https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/.
- Song, Tian. "Bluesky Network Analysis." ICWSM '25 Proceedings, 2025, https://tysong.github.io/files/ICWSM25-Bluesky.pdf.











